Today’s guest is Romain Tourillon. Romain is a sports physiotherapist and researcher specializing in the foot–ankle complex, with clinical leadership at the Swiss Olympic Medical Center, La Tour Hospital (Geneva). His PhD at Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne examined foot muscle strength and sport performance.
It’s important to train the lower legs in athletes, but the question is what type of training is best, especially when it comes to working the toes and forefoot, versus more general calf and shin work.
In this episode, Romain discusses his research on forefoot biomechanics and performance. He shares training that boosted MTP (big-toe) flexion strength ~28% in trained athletes and explains how stronger forefeet enhance sprinting, cutting, and jumping via better force transmission and stability. We also cover injury prevention, targeted foot/ankle exercises, challenges in measuring toe strength, and where 3D analyses may take the field— with practical takeaways for coaches and athletes throughout.
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Timestamps
0:00 Building a PhD Protocol from Real-Life Training
4:46 Using Everyday Objects to Innovate Foot Training
8:16 Surface Texture and Proprioception in Barefoot Work
11:27 Breaking Down Romain’s PhD Research on the Forefoot
16:22 Gym and Home-Based Protocols for MTP Flexion
22:11 Measuring Toe and Forefoot Strength Accurately
31:20 Mobility of the Forefoot and Its Role in Force Production
37:31 Results: How 8 Weeks of Forefoot Training Changed Performance
43:54 Explaining the Improvements in Cutting, Jumping, and Sprinting
53:01 Linking Forefoot Strength to Ankle Stability and Injury Prevention
58:23 Isolated Toe Training vs. Global Foot and Calf Training
1:15:09 Designing General Foot-Ankle Programs for Teams
Actionable Takeaways
0:00 – Building a PhD Protocol from Real-Life Training
Romain developed his research exercises by first experimenting on himself to understand their feel, intensity, and weaknesses.
- Test new foot or ankle drills on yourself first to refine cues and feel.
- Note the sensations and difficulties athletes might face before implementing.
- Use self-testing to build better communication and progression strategies.
4:46 – Using Everyday Objects to Innovate Foot Training
The “foot bridge” concept came from standing barefoot on two bricks, showing that creative setups can unlock new sensations without expensive tools.
- Incorporate simple props like bricks or angled boards to change foot loading.
- Create small balance challenges to engage the toes and arches differently.
- Use low-cost, adaptable tools to spark innovation in foot training.
8:16 – Surface Texture and Proprioception in Barefoot Work
Different surfaces alter how foot muscles activate, making proprioception a key training variable.
- Rotate athletes between rough, smooth, and dampened surfaces to shift activation.
- Use barefoot drills regularly to strengthen sensory feedback from the toes.
- Treat surface texture as a deliberate tool to adjust difficulty and stimulus.
11:27 – Breaking Down Romain’s PhD Research on the Forefoot
Romain studied how forefoot strength training impacts sprinting, cutting, and jumping performance.
- Add structured toe flexion and forefoot drills to complement lower-leg work.
- Prioritize multi-planar movements that mimic sport demands.
- Track performance outcomes (cutting, sprinting, jumping) alongside strength gains.
16:22 – Gym and Home-Based Protocols for MTP Flexion
Romain designed practical drills to strengthen metatarsophalangeal (MTP) flexion for athletes and patients alike.
- Use slant-board single-leg hinges to load the toes under tension.
- Combine seated towel curls with standing resisted big-toe flexion to cover ranges.
- Progress from simple bodyweight drills to resisted setups as control improves.
22:11 – Measuring Toe and Forefoot Strength Accurately
Toe flexion tests must be standardized to avoid measuring calf compensation instead of true toe strength.
- Stabilize the rearfoot during tests to isolate toe flexion.
- Keep the ankle at a consistent angle for every measurement.
- Reassess regularly to check for genuine improvements, not testing artifacts.
31:20 – Mobility of the Forefoot and Its Role in Force Production
Limited hallux motion reduces an athlete’s ability to push off and produce force effectively.
- Include manual therapy, active stretching, and dorsiflexion drills for the toes.
- Screen athletes for hallux rigidus or turf toe and address restrictions early.
- Pair mobility with strength work so new range converts to usable power.
37:31 – Results: How 8 Weeks of Forefoot Training Changed Performance
Romain’s protocol produced large gains in forefoot strength and measurable improvements in speed and power.
- Expect meaningful changes in 5–8 weeks with consistent training.
- Combine forefoot work with performance testing to show athletes the payoff.
- Use small, consistent volumes rather than long, exhausting sessions.
43:54 – Explaining the Improvements in Cutting, Jumping, and Sprinting
Forefoot training enhanced horizontal force application, leading to better cutting and sprinting outcomes.
- Integrate toe-flexion drills into warm-ups to prime for explosive sessions.
- Pair forefoot work with horizontal jumps to reinforce transfer.
- Use directional cutting drills after forefoot training to cement adaptation.
53:01 – Linking Forefoot Strength to Ankle Stability and Injury Prevention
Stronger toes improve rearfoot inversion control, lowering ankle-sprain risk.
- Program exercises like slant-board single-leg hinges and resisted toe pushes.
- Train foot strength under varied loads to build robustness against awkward landings.
- Make foot and ankle work a weekly non-negotiable for athletes prone to sprains.
58:23 – Isolated Toe Training vs. Global Foot and Calf Training
Forefoot training alone did not improve calf strength; both areas need targeted work.
- Pair calf raises or plyometric hops with toe-specific exercises in one session.
- Use assessment to decide when to bias more toward calf or forefoot.
- Treat the foot-calf complex as an integrated but trainable system.
1:15:09 – Designing General Foot-Ankle Programs for Teams
Romain recommends cycling focus between absorption, propulsion, and spring for team athletes.
- Structure training blocks around one of the three key functions at a time.
- Keep sessions short (5–10 minutes) to ensure adherence and minimize disruption.
- Reassess every 5–6 weeks to track adaptation and adjust emphasis.
Romain Tourillon Quotes
“The whole PhD started with me testing these exercises on myself first. I needed to feel what the athlete would feel.”
“I built the first version of the protocol at home with two bricks under my feet. Creativity doesn’t require fancy equipment.”
“Different surfaces completely change how the foot muscles activate. The texture under the toes matters.”
“You can’t separate intrinsic from extrinsic toe strength; you have to test and train the system as a whole.”
“If you don’t stabilize the rearfoot during testing, you’re not really measuring toe flexion—you’re measuring calf compensation.”
“Limited big toe motion limits force production. You can’t push properly off the ground if the hallux doesn’t move.”
“After eight weeks we saw a 28 percent increase in MTP flexion strength and clear gains in cutting, sprinting, and jumping.”
“Strong forefoot function correlates with better rearfoot inversion control, which is crucial for ankle stability.”
“Slant-board single-leg hinges are one of my go-to drills for loading the toes under tension.”
“Forefoot work alone won’t improve calf strength—you have to deliberately train both.”
“The foot-ankle responds quickly to targeted work. In as little as five or six weeks you can see measurable gains.”
“Cycle your focus between absorption, propulsion, and spring. Those three functions cover almost everything the foot does in sport.”
About Romain Tourillon
Romain Tourillon, PT, PhD, is a sports physiotherapist, researcher, and educator focused on foot–ankle biomechanics in health, injury, and high performance. He leads the foot–ankle service at the Swiss Olympic Medical Center (La Tour Hospital, Geneva) and consults with elite athletes. Romain earned his PhD at Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, with work centered on metatarsophalangeal (MTP) flexion strength and its links to sprinting, cutting, and jumping performance. His publications and talks translate cutting-edge research into practical assessment and training methods for coaches and clinicians.
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